Which of the following reflects a belief of Theory X regarding employee behavior?

Theory X, proposed by Douglas McGregor, is based on a somewhat pessimistic view of employees. It suggests that the average person inherently dislikes work and will work as little as possible. This theory posits that because of this dislike for work, employees often require close supervision and control to ensure that they are productive.

The belief that employees need control to be productive aligns with this theory, as it implies that management must take a direct approach to motivate employees and enforce productivity. This can include setting strict deadlines, monitoring performance closely, and employing a directive style of management.

In contrast, the other options reflect beliefs that are more aligned with Theory Y, which suggests that employees are self-motivated, seek independence, and enjoy collaborative environments, indicating a more positive view of employee behavior and needs.