Which motivation theory emphasizes the relationship between effort and performance?

Expectancy Theory is a prominent motivation theory that focuses on the relationship between effort, performance, and outcomes. It posits that individuals are motivated to act in a certain way based on their expectations of the results of their actions. In particular, the theory suggests that motivation is influenced by three key components: expectancy (the belief that effort will lead to performance), instrumentality (the belief that performance will lead to outcomes), and valence (the value placed on those outcomes).

According to Expectancy Theory, if a person believes that their effort will result in a successful performance and that this performance will lead to desirable rewards, they are more likely to be motivated to exert that effort. This direct connection between effort and performance is essential for understanding how motivation can drive behavior in a workplace setting.

The other theories mentioned have different focuses. For example, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs emphasizes the progression through various levels of human needs, rather than a direct relationship between effort and performance. Herzberg's Theory, also known as the Two-Factor Theory, delineates factors that cause job satisfaction and dissatisfaction but does not specifically address effort and performance linkage. Equity Theory concentrates on fairness and how employees perceive their treatment in comparison to others, rather than primarily on effort and