What is Vroom's Expectancy equation?

Vroom's Expectancy Theory, a significant concept in motivational psychology, is represented by the equation F = V x E. In this context, F stands for motivation (the force that drives behavior), V represents the valence (the value an individual places on the outcome), and E stands for expectancy (the belief that effort will lead to performance).

The equation illustrates that the motivation to perform a task is dependent on both the perceived value of the rewards associated with the task and the individual's belief in their ability to achieve those rewards through their efforts. Essentially, if either the valence or expectancy is low, motivation will also be low.

Understanding this equation can help in various fields, including management and human resources, as it provides insights into how to effectively motivate individuals by recognizing the importance of both the desirability of outcomes and the confidence in achieving them. The other choices do not accurately reflect the relationship defined by Vroom's theory, as they rearrange the components in a way that misrepresents the original motivational framework.