What is the distinction between pure and applied research?

The distinction between pure and applied research is primarily rooted in their purposes and objectives. Pure research, often referred to as fundamental or basic research, is conducted with the aim of expanding knowledge for its own sake. It is driven by curiosity and the desire to understand the underlying principles of phenomena without immediate concern for practical applications. On the other hand, applied research is goal-oriented and focuses on solving specific, practical problems. It often utilizes the findings of pure research to develop new technologies, methods, or solutions that can be implemented in real-world situations.

This means that applied research is inherently linked to specific objectives and outcomes, making it a vital component in fields where practical applications are necessary, such as engineering, healthcare, and technology development. Thus, stating that applied research is goal-oriented accurately reflects its nature and differentiates it from pure research, which is more exploratory and theoretical in nature.

Regarding the other options, pure research is not typically aimed at practical applications, nor is it necessarily less expensive than applied research, which can vary widely in cost based on the project's scope and needs. Additionally, applied research is characterized by practical application rather than being solely theoretical.