What is an organization that has no physical hub or center of operation called?

A virtual organization, often referred to as a virtual company, is characterized by a lack of a physical hub or central operation. Instead, it relies heavily on digital communication and technology to operate effectively. This type of organization can consist of remote teams located in different geographic areas, working collaboratively through electronic means. The absence of a physical office allows for greater flexibility, reduced overhead costs, and the ability to tap into a global talent pool without the constraints of location.

In contrast, a centralized organization has a single, main location or headquarters where most of its control and decision-making processes occur. Decentralized organizations, while having multiple locations, still have a defined operational structure with physical sites where teams may gather. A multinational organization operates in multiple countries but typically maintains physical offices in those regions to manage operations. Therefore, the defining characteristic of a virtual organization lies in its operation without a central, physical location.