What are the measures an organization can initiate to protect its information systems categorized as?

The measures an organization can initiate to protect its information systems are best categorized as security controls. These controls encompass various strategies and technologies designed to safeguard an organization’s digital assets against unauthorized access, data breaches, and other cyber threats. Security controls can include both technical measures, like firewalls and encryption, as well as administrative practices, such as user training and access management policies.

Financial controls, on the other hand, are primarily focused on managing an organization’s financial resources and ensuring the accuracy of financial reporting. While they can indirectly affect the security of financial data, they do not specifically address the protection of information systems.

Integrity controls refer specifically to processes that ensure the accuracy and completeness of data, which is critical for maintaining trust in information systems but does not encompass the broader range of protective measures.

Disclosure controls pertain to the mechanisms in place for managing the release of information, particularly in compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. While important for transparency and accountability, they are not directly related to protecting information systems against threats.

Therefore, categorizing measures to protect information systems as security controls highlights their fundamental role in risk management and data protection.