In Vroom's theory, which two factors are emphasized?

In Vroom's Expectancy Theory of motivation, two of the key factors emphasized are valence and expectancy. Valence refers to the importance an individual places on the expected outcome of a decision or behavior. It reflects the individual's preference, desire, or value attached to the rewards or outcomes associated with a specific behavior. For example, if a person values the outcome highly, then the valence is positive, which means they are more likely to be motivated to achieve that outcome.

Expectancy, on the other hand, refers to the belief that one's efforts will lead to the desired performance level. This factor is about the perceived likelihood that increased effort will result in improved performance. If an individual believes that their efforts will truly lead to success, they are more likely to be motivated to work hard toward achieving that success.

In the context of Vroom's theory, both valence and expectancy are crucial for understanding motivation in the workplace. They help explain why individuals may choose to exert effort in various tasks and how different anticipated outcomes influence their actions. The concept of force, while related, refers to the overall motivation level rather than pointing to specific elements influencing that motivation, so it doesn't directly align with the key factors laid out in Vroom's theory. Pay